Economy · World Atlas
Rare earths & critical minerals of the world
What the world digs up, grows, makes and ships, and the routes it all moves on.
Numbered as on the map
The 9 on the map
1. Athabasca Basin
Canada
Known forThe highest-grade uranium in the world, by an order of magnitude
The highest-grade uranium in the world, by an order of magnitude.
Settingdeposit
2. Bayan Obo
China
Known forWhy China dominates the rare-earth supply chain
The largest rare-earth deposit on earth, and the reason China dominates that supply chain.
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For the examBayan Obo in Inner Mongolia. Mountain Pass in California is the western alternative.
3. Central African Copperbelt
Zambia · DR Congo
Known forCobalt, and why DR Congo is in every battery question
The world’s dominant cobalt source, and the reason DR Congo sits in every battery-supply-chain question.
Settingdeposit · DR Congo
4. Jaduguda
India
Known forIndia’s first and principal uranium mine, in the Singhbhum thrust belt
India’s first and principal uranium mine, in the Singhbhum thrust belt.
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5. Lithium Triangle
Chile · Bolivia · Argentina
Known forThree salt flats, over half the world's lithium
Atacama, Uyuni and Hombre Muerto — the salt flats that hold over half the world’s lithium.
Settingdeposit · Argentina
For the examThe three salars and the three countries. Salar de Uyuni is the largest salt flat on earth.
6. Mountain Pass
USA
Known forThe only substantial rare-earth mine in the United States
The only substantial rare-earth mine in the United States.
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7. Norilsk
Russia
Known forThe world’s largest nickel and palladium operation, above the Arctic Circle
The world’s largest nickel and palladium operation, above the Arctic Circle.
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8. Olympic Dam
Australia
Known forThe largest known single uranium deposit, mined with copper and gold
The largest known single uranium deposit, mined with copper and gold.
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9. Sudbury Basin
Canada
Known forAn ore body created by a meteorite impact — the only major one of its kind
An ore body created by a meteorite impact — the only major one of its kind.
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