Why it is in the news
On 16 September 2026, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) held India's 32nd World Ozone Day celebration in Mumbai, where Minister of State Kirti Vardhan Singh launched India's Net Zero Portal and the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) Dashboard. The global theme set by the UNEP Ozone Secretariat is “Global action for a cooler planet”, marking 10 years of the Kigali Amendment. The same day, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released its Ozone and UV Bulletin No. 4.
The exam angle
Thesis: The Montreal Protocol is the most successful multilateral environmental treaty, and the Kigali phase is testing whether that model — science-led targets, differentiated obligations, dedicated finance — can decarbonise cooling.