Why it is in the news
On the eve of the UNGA-81 General Debate, leaders of the European Union (European Council President António Costa), Brazil (President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva), Kenya (President William Ruto) and Canada (Prime Minister Mark Carney) launched Partners for Multilateralism (P4M), an open, informal coalition to defend and reform the UN-based system. They announced it in a joint article in the Financial Times on 20–21 September 2026. The first P4M summit was held at UN Headquarters, New York, on 21 September 2026.
The exam angle
Issue: With the Security Council deadlocked and great powers acting unilaterally, can open coalitions of middle powers such as Partners for Multilateralism revive the UN-based order, and how should India position itself?