Why it is in the news
Leading India's delegation at the UNFCCC pre-COP31 meetings (5–8 October 2026) in Nadi, Fiji and the atoll nation of Tuvalu, co-hosted by Australia, Fiji and Tuvalu, Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav told the Leaders' Plenary that there is no “one-size-fits-all” pathway to climate action. He called for equal attention to adaptation, mitigation and means of implementation, and for equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC) to be upheld “in letter and spirit” ahead of COP31 in Antalya, Türkiye (9–20 November 2026).
The exam angle
Issue: Adaptation remains the under-financed pillar of the climate regime even as climate impacts intensify, and developing countries resist uniform, top-down obligations.