Why it is in the news
On 16 September 2026, Advocate Anjan Datta filed a Public Interest Litigation in the Supreme Court (Anjan Datta v. Union of India, Diary No. 57387/2026) challenging the Centre's notification and framework that impose a Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) of 0.4% on UPI person-to-merchant (P2M) payments above ₹2,000. The charges are due to take effect on 15 October 2026; the Union of India, RBI, NPCI and the UPI and Services Steering Committee are respondents.
The exam angle
Issue: Moving UPI from a subsidised zero-MDR model to a calibrated merchant fee while preserving inclusion and legal soundness.