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NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1905-1919) MCQs

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From the 100 in PrepShark’s NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1905-1919) set (Indian History). Pick an answer, then open the explanation.

Question 01
Consider the following pairs relating to Gandhi's years in South Africa: 1. — Founded with Gandhi's leadership in 1894 2. — Journal started to voice the grievances of Indians in South Africa 3. — Settlement near Durban 4. — Written in 1909 Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
1. Option A: 1, 2 and 4 only
2. Option B: 1, 3 and 4 only
3. Option C: 2, 3 and 4 only
4. Option D: 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer and explanation
Answer: A. 1, 2 and 4 only
**Pair 1 is correctly matched.** Gandhi helped found the **Natal Indian Congress** in **1894**. **Pair 2 is correctly matched.** **Indian Opinion** (1903) was the journal of the Indian community's struggle. **Pair 3 is incorrectly matched.** **Tolstoy Farm** (1910) was near **Johannesburg**. The settlement near **Durban** was the **Phoenix Settlement** (1904). **Pair 4 is correctly matched.** **Hind Swaraj** was written in **1909**, on the voyage from England to South Africa.
Question 02
Consider the following pairs: 1. — Sandhya 2. — Bande Mataram (as editor) 3. — Al-Hilal 4. — Jugantar Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
1. Option A: 1 and 2 only
2. Option B: 1, 2 and 4 only
3. Option C: 1, 3 and 4 only
4. Option D: 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer and explanation
Answer: B. 1, 2 and 4 only
**Pair 1 is correctly matched.** **Brahmabandhab Upadhyay** edited the fiery Bengali daily **Sandhya**, prosecuted for sedition in 1907. **Pair 2 is correctly matched.** **Aurobindo Ghosh** edited the English daily **Bande Mataram**, which Bipin Chandra Pal had started in 1906. **Pair 3 is incorrectly matched.** **Al-Hilal** (1912) was the Urdu weekly of **Maulana Abul Kalam Azad**. Bipin Chandra Pal's journals included **New India** and Bande Mataram. **Pair 4 is correctly matched.** **Jugantar** (1906), the Bengali revolutionary weekly, was associated with **Barindra Kumar Ghosh** and **Bhupendranath Dutta**.
Question 03
The trend within the Swadeshi Movement that stressed self-reliance (atmashakti) through swadeshi enterprises, national schools and village reconstruction, while keeping away from direct political agitation, is generally known as
1. Option A: Constructive Swadeshi
2. Option B: Political Extremism
3. Option C: Mendicancy
4. Option D: Revolutionary nationalism
Answer and explanation
Answer: A. Constructive Swadeshi
**Why A is correct.** **Constructive Swadeshi** emphasised **atmashakti** (self-strengthening): swadeshi industries, **national education** and village work. **Rabindranath Tagore**'s idea of a self-reliant society (Swadesh Samaj) is its best-known expression. **Why B is incorrect.** **Political Extremism** sought to turn boycott into a wider programme of **passive resistance** against the government — the opposite of keeping away from political agitation. **Why C is incorrect.** 'Mendicancy' was the Extremists' derisive term for the **Moderates'** politics of petitions and prayers, not for self-reliant constructive work. **Why D is incorrect.** Revolutionary nationalists relied on **individual armed action**, not on village reconstruction. **Exam takeaway:** Historians identify four broad trends: Moderate, Constructive Swadeshi, Political Extremism and Revolutionary nationalism.
Question 04
Consider the following statements: 1. 'Jana Gana Mana' was first sung at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress in 1916. 2. Rabindranath Tagore composed 'Amar Sonar Bangla' during the agitation against the partition of Bengal. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. Option A: 1 only
2. Option B: 2 only
3. Option C: Both 1 and 2
4. Option D: Neither 1 nor 2
Answer and explanation
Answer: B. 2 only
**Statement 1 is incorrect.** **'Jana Gana Mana'** was first sung at the **Calcutta session** of the Congress on **27 December 1911**. **Statement 2 is correct.** Tagore wrote **'Amar Sonar Bangla'** in **1905**, during the anti-partition agitation; it is today the national anthem of **Bangladesh**.
Question 05
Consider the following pairs: 1. — Viceroy at the time of the Delhi Durbar of 1911 2. — Viceroy when the Lucknow Pact was concluded 3. — Viceroy when the Rowlatt Act was passed 4. — Secretary of State for India during the 1909 reforms Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
1. Option A: 1 and 2 only
2. Option B: 1 and 4 only
3. Option C: 1, 2 and 4 only
4. Option D: 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer and explanation
Answer: C. 1, 2 and 4 only
**Pair 1 is correctly matched.** **Lord Hardinge** (1910–1916) was Viceroy at the **Delhi Durbar** of December 1911. **Pair 2 is correctly matched.** **Lord Chelmsford** took over in **April 1916**, so he was Viceroy when the **Lucknow Pact** was concluded in **December 1916**. **Pair 3 is incorrectly matched.** Hardinge left India in **1916**. The **Rowlatt Act (1919)** was passed under **Lord Chelmsford**. **Pair 4 is correctly matched.** **John Morley** was **Secretary of State** when the **1909** reforms were framed with Viceroy **Minto**.

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