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Chapter 09Modern Indian HistoryUpdated

NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1905-1919)

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Rise of Militant Nationalism

1.1Background1.2Factors Behind the Rise

Background

  • Militant nationalism emerged as a stronger political current by the beginning of the 20th century, challenging the gradualist methods associated with the earlier nationalist leadership.

  • Its leading centres were:

    • Maharashtra: Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
    • Bengal: Aurobindo Ghosh and Bipin Chandra Pal.
    • Punjab: Lala Lajpat Rai.

  • Lal-Bal-Pal became the prominent trio associated with assertive nationalism.

  • The new nationalist approach emphasised self-reliance, sacrifice, passive resistance, boycott and mass mobilisation rather than dependence on constitutional concessions.

Factors Behind the Rise

  • Limited success of Moderate politics created dissatisfaction among the younger generation.
  • The earlier nationalist critique had exposed the exploitative character of colonial rule, but political concessions remained inadequate.
  • Famines of 1897–1901 and the government's unsatisfactory famine response intensified resentment.
  • Plague-control measures in the Deccan and official high-handedness generated further opposition.
  • Repressive measures included:

Inside this chapter

What NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1905-1919) covers

  1. Rise of Militant Nationalism
  2. Partition of Bengal, 1905
  3. Swadeshi and Boycott Movement
  4. Congress Politics: Banaras to Surat
  5. Government Strategy after Surat
  6. Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909
  7. First Phase of Revolutionary Activities
  8. Ghadar Movement
  9. First World War and Nationalist Politics
  10. Home Rule Movement
  11. Lucknow Session, 1916
  12. Lucknow Pact, 1916
  13. Montagu Declaration, 1917
  14. Government of India Act, 1919
  15. National Movement, 1905–1919 — Cause → Development → Outcome
  16. Important Personalities at a Glance
  17. Organisations and Political Platforms
  18. Major Sessions and Events
  19. Prelims Traps
  20. Chronology — 1905–1919
  21. Final Rapid Recall
All 19 chapters in Indian History
  1. ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS
  2. RISE OF REGIONAL STATES
  3. BRITISH CONQUEST OF INDIA
  4. POPULAR UPRISINGS BEFORE 1857
  5. 1857 REVOLT
  6. POPULAR UPRISINGS AFTER 1857
  7. SOCIO-RELIGIOUS REFORM MOVEMENTS
  8. BEGINNING OF STRUGGLE-(1805-1905)
  9. NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1905-1919)
  10. NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1919-1929)
  11. NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1929-1947)
  12. ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BRITISH RULE IN INDIA
  13. LAND REVENUE SYSTEM IN INDIA
  14. DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION SYSTEM AND LANGUAGE IN INDIA
  15. DEVELOPMENT OF PRESS
  16. OTHER ASPECTS OF BRITISH RULE IN INDIA
  17. GOVERNOR GENERAL OF INDIA (1773-1950)
  18. IMPORTANT JOURNALS AND BOOKS
  19. IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES

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