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Chapter 16Nationalist Movement and Formation of Andhra PradeshUpdated

Andhra Movement and Formation of Andhra State, 1953

How the Telugu districts of the Madras Presidency won a state of their own: the growth of a separate-Andhra demand, the Andhra Mahasabhas, the Sri Bagh Pact, post-independence committees, Potti Sreeramulu's fast, and the creation of Andhra State on 1 October 1953.

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Chapter Overview Map

In this section: 1 mind map

Figure 16.1Chapter overview
Andhra Movement and Andhra State (1911–1953)

  1. 16.1–16.2 Background and causes

    • Telugu districts lay inside the Madras Presidency; grievances over language, jobs and development fed a demand for a separate Andhra province.
    • The movement grew from linguistic, political, economic and cultural causes together, not from any single one.

  2. 16.3–16.5 Mahasabhas, Congress and institutions

    • The Andhra Mahasabha conferences from Bapatla (1913) made the demand organised and public.
    • The Congress recognised an Andhra provincial committee (1918) and backed linguistic provinces at Nagpur (1920); Andhra University opened in 1926.

  3. 16.6–16.7 Regions, the Sri Bagh Pact and the 1940s

    • Rayalaseema feared coastal dominance; the Sri Bagh Pact (16 November 1937) balanced the two regions.
    • The demand survived the war years and returned stronger after independence (1947).

  4. 16.8–16.9 Committees and the Madras city question

    • The Dar Commission (1948) said no; the JVP Committee of Nehru, Patel and Pattabhi (1949) said Andhra could come first, without Madras city.
    • Both sides claimed Madras city, and the dispute delayed the state.

  5. 16.10–16.12 Sreeramulu, the Act and the new state

    • Potti Sreeramulu's 58-day fast ended in his death on 15 December 1952; Nehru announced the state on 19 December 1952.
    • The Andhra State Act, 1953 created Andhra State on 1 October 1953, with its capital at Kurnool.

  6. Don't confuse

    • The Andhra Mahasabha of the Madras Presidency (from 1913) is not the Andhra Mahasabha of the Nizam's Hyderabad State (from 1930).
    • Andhra State (1953) is not Andhra Pradesh (1956): Telangana joined only in 1956 (Chapter 17).

Notice how the branches run from causes through organisations and negotiations to the state itself. The last branch holds the chapter's two biggest mix-ups.

Inside this chapter

What Andhra Movement and Formation of Andhra State, 1953 covers

  1. Chapter Overview Map
  2. Andhra under the Madras Presidency
  3. Origins and Causes of the Andhra Movement
  4. The Andhra Mahasabhas (Andhra Conferences)
  5. The Andhra Movement and the Indian National Congress
  6. Andhra University and Regional Institutions
  7. Coastal Andhra, Rayalaseema and the Sri Bagh Pact (1937)
  8. The Demand through the 1940s and after Independence
  9. The Dar Commission and the JVP Committee
  10. The Madras City Question
  11. Potti Sreeramulu: Life, Ideals and the Fast of 1952
  12. From Announcement to the Andhra State Act, 1953
  13. Andhra State, 1 October 1953: Birth, Challenges and Significance
  14. Leaders of the Andhra Movement
  15. Location and Map Practice
  16. Memory and Recall Review
  17. Rapid Revision Sheet
All 17 chapters in History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh
  1. The Satavahanas and Ikshvakus
  2. The Salankayanas, Pallavas and Vishnukundins
  3. The Eastern Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas and Renati Cholas
  4. Society, Religion, Language, Literature, Art and Architecture in Ancient Andhra
  5. The Kakatiyas and Reddi Kingdoms
  6. The Gajapatis, Vijayanagara Empire and Regional Powers
  7. Evolution of Telugu Language and Literature
  8. Socio-Cultural and Religious Life, Fine Arts and Architecture in Medieval Andhra
  9. European Settlements and Colonial Rule in Andhra
  10. Colonial Education, Missionaries and Intellectual Contributions
  11. Social Reform and Literary Awakening in Modern Andhra
  12. Press, Library Movement and Cultural Traditions of Andhra
  13. Freedom Movement in Andhra Pradesh
  14. Justice Party, Non-Brahmin Movement and Political Awakening
  15. Nationalist Literature, Grandhalaya Movement and Role of Women
  16. Andhra Movement and Formation of Andhra State, 1953
  17. Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh and the AP Reorganisation Act, 2014

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