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Chapter 9Modern History and Culture of Andhra PradeshUpdated

European Settlements and Colonial Rule in Andhra

How European trade on the Andhra coast turned into East India Company rule between about 1600 and 1858: trading companies and ports, the Northern Circars and Ceded Districts, administration, zamindari, ryotwari and poligars, princely states, economic change and early resistance.

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Chapter Overview Map

In this section: 1 mind map

Figure 9.1Chapter overview
European Settlements and Colonial Rule in Andhra (about 1600–1858)

  1. 9.1–9.3 Background and European arrival

    • Under Golconda, Masulipatnam was the leading port of the Andhra coast, exporting cotton cloth across the Indian Ocean.
    • The Dutch (1605), English (1611), French (1669) and a reported Danish factory came to buy textiles; the Portuguese traded but set up no known factory.

  2. 9.4–9.5 Rivalry and conquest

    • The French gained the Northern Circars in 1753, but the English took Masulipatnam in 1759.
    • The Company obtained the Circars (1765–1766, Guntur in 1788) and the Ceded Districts (1800).

  3. 9.6–9.8 Administration and land revenue

    • Andhra became part of the Madras Presidency, run through Collectors from 1794.
    • The coast was settled under the Permanent (zamindari) Settlement of 1802; Rayalaseema under ryotwari, linked with Thomas Munro.

  4. 9.9–9.10 Chiefs, estates and states

    • Poligars were military chiefs whom Munro subdued after 1800; zamindars became revenue-paying landlords.
    • Banganapalle was a princely state; Hyderabad stayed under the Nizam.

  5. 9.11–9.15 Effects and resistance

    • Weavers lost bargaining power as the Company controlled cloth buying; delta canals and famines shaped the 19th century.
    • Resistance ranged from Bobbili (1757) and Padmanabham (1794) to Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy (1846–47).

  6. Don't confuse

    • Northern Circars are the coastal districts gained 1765–1788; the Ceded Districts are the Rayalaseema districts gained in 1800.
    • A zamindari estate paid revenue under a sanad; a princely state such as Banganapalle kept its own ruler under British paramountcy.

Notice how the branches move from trade to conquest, then to administration and revenue, and finally to effects and resistance. The last branch holds two common mix-ups.

Inside this chapter

What European Settlements and Colonial Rule in Andhra covers

  1. Chapter Overview Map
  2. Andhra before European Expansion
  3. Arrival of the European Trading Companies
  4. European Trading Centres and Ports in Andhra
  5. European Rivalry and the Struggle for Supremacy
  6. Expansion of East India Company Rule in Andhra
  7. Andhra under East India Company Administration
  8. Land Revenue Systems under Colonial Rule
  9. Zamindari Estates in Andhra
  10. The Polegary (Poligar) System
  11. Native States and Little Kings of Andhra
  12. Economic Impact of European Trade and Colonial Rule
  13. Social and Cultural Consequences of Colonial Rule
  14. Resistance to Colonial Expansion in Andhra
  15. Important Events, Agreements and Personalities
  16. Comparative Study and Historical Significance
  17. Location and Map Practice
  18. Memory and Recall Review
  19. Rapid Revision Sheet
All 17 chapters in History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh
  1. The Satavahanas and Ikshvakus
  2. The Salankayanas, Pallavas and Vishnukundins
  3. The Eastern Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas and Renati Cholas
  4. Society, Religion, Language, Literature, Art and Architecture in Ancient Andhra
  5. The Kakatiyas and Reddi Kingdoms
  6. The Gajapatis, Vijayanagara Empire and Regional Powers
  7. Evolution of Telugu Language and Literature
  8. Socio-Cultural and Religious Life, Fine Arts and Architecture in Medieval Andhra
  9. European Settlements and Colonial Rule in Andhra
  10. Colonial Education, Missionaries and Intellectual Contributions
  11. Social Reform and Literary Awakening in Modern Andhra
  12. Press, Library Movement and Cultural Traditions of Andhra
  13. Freedom Movement in Andhra Pradesh
  14. Justice Party, Non-Brahmin Movement and Political Awakening
  15. Nationalist Literature, Grandhalaya Movement and Role of Women
  16. Andhra Movement and Formation of Andhra State, 1953
  17. Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh and the AP Reorganisation Act, 2014

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