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Chapter Overview Map
Telangana's Demography and Human Resources
3.1–3.2 Size, structure and growth
- Census 2011 counted 3.50 crore people in present-day Telangana, 38.88% of them urban.
- Population growth peaked in 1981–91 and slowed to 13.58% in 2001–11.
- Growth is concentrated around Hyderabad, mainly in its surrounding district of Rangareddy.
3.3 Demographic transition
- Death rates fell first and birth rates fell later, so growth first rose and then slowed.
- In the Sample Registration System (SRS) 2024, Telangana had a birth rate of 15.7 and a death rate of 6.5 per 1,000 people.
3.4 Demographic dividend
- Falling fertility enlarges the working-age share, creating a growth opportunity.
- The opportunity becomes a dividend only with education, skills, health and productive jobs.
3.5–3.7 Sex ratio, fertility and mortality
- Census 2011 sex ratio was 988 females per 1,000 males; child sex ratio was 932.
- Telangana's total fertility rate (TFR) is below replacement (SRS 2024: 1.5).
- Infant mortality fell to 17 per 1,000 live births in SRS 2024.
3.8–3.9 Ageing and economic impact
- The 60+ share is projected to rise from 11.0% (2021) to 17.1% (2036).
- Ageing raises future health, pension and social-care needs and public spending.
Don't confuse
- A Census count is an actual enumeration; a population projection is a calculated estimate of a future or current year.
- A young population is not itself a dividend; the dividend depends on productive employment.
Notice how the branches follow the chapter: structure and growth first, then the transition, the dividend, the three vital rates and finally ageing and its economic effects.