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Chapter 06

Citizenship

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Meaning and Significance of Citizenship

1.1Rights Available Specifically to Citizens

  • Citizenship denotes full and permanent membership of a State.

  • Indian law distinguishes between citizens and aliens.

  • Citizens enjoy the full range of constitutional and political rights available to citizens.

  • Aliens are nationals of foreign States and do not enjoy all rights available exclusively to Indian citizens.

  • Aliens may broadly be classified as:

    • Friendly aliens — nationals of countries having cordial relations with India.
    • Enemy aliens — nationals of a country at war with India.

  • Enemy aliens receive fewer constitutional protections in certain matters; for example, the protection under Article 22 against arrest and detention is subject to the exception for enemy aliens.

Rights Available Specifically to Citizens

Inside this chapter

What Citizenship covers

  1. Meaning and Significance of Citizenship
  2. Constitutional Framework: Articles 5 to 11
  3. Citizenship at the Commencement of the Constitution
  4. Citizenship Act, 1955
  5. Acquisition of Citizenship
  6. Citizenship by Registration
  7. Citizenship by Naturalisation
  8. Citizenship by Incorporation of Territory
  9. Assam Accord and Citizenship
  10. Loss of Citizenship
  11. Single Citizenship
  12. Jammu and Kashmir: Citizenship and Article 35A
  13. Overseas Citizen of India Cardholder
  14. NRI, PIO and OCI
  15. Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019
  16. Section 6B: CAA's Special Citizenship Route
  17. Citizenship (Amendment) Rules, 2024
  18. CAA: What It Does and Does Not Do
  19. CAA and Constitution: Key Distinction
  20. Citizenship: Current Statutory Map
  21. Prelims Traps
  22. Rapid-Recall: Important Dates
  23. Rapid-Recall: Constitutional and Statutory Provisions
  24. Citizenship Acquisition vs Loss
  25. High-Value Conceptual Distinctions
  26. Exam-Oriented CAA Timeline
All 36 chapters in Indian Polity
  1. Historical Background
  2. Making of the Constitution
  3. Salient Features of the Constitution
  4. Preamble of the Constitution
  5. Union and its Territory
  6. Citizenship
  7. Fundamental Rights
  8. Directive Principles of State Policy
  9. Fundamental Duties
  10. Amendment of the Constitution
  11. Basic Structure of the Constitution
  12. Parliamentary System
  13. Federal System
  14. Centre–State Relations
  15. Inter-State Relations
  16. Emergency Provisions
  17. President
  18. Vice-President
  19. Prime Minister
  20. Central Council of Ministers
  21. Cabinet Committees
  22. Parliament
  23. Supreme Court
  24. Judiciary - Judicial Review and Judicial Activism, PIL
  25. Governor
  26. Chief Minister
  27. State Council of Ministers
  28. State Legislature
  29. High Court
  30. Tribunals
  31. Subordinate Courts
  32. Panchayati Raj
  33. Municipalities
  34. Union Territories
  35. Elections - Election Laws, Electoral Reforms
  36. Anti-Defection Law

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