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Constitutional Position of the President
- The President is the constitutional head of the Union and the first citizen of India.
- The Union Executive comprises the President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers and Attorney General of India.
- Articles 52 to 78 deal with the Union Executive.
- Article 53 vests the executive power of the Union in the President, but this power is exercised in accordance with the Constitution.
- India follows a parliamentary system, so the President is the nominal executive while the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers constitute the real executive.
- Article 74 requires the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister to aid and advise the President.
- The President is constitutionally required to act according to the advice of the Council of Ministers.
- Under the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978, the President may return the advice once for reconsideration, but must act according to the advice given after reconsideration.
- The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha under Article 75.